The current state of the world grain market has predetermined new approaches to its production and sale. The main grain-producing region in the Russian Federation is the Southern Federal District, in particular, Rostov region, which has more than 4.7 million hectares of arable land. In 2023, the average grain yield in Rostov region was 43.7 c/ha. High yields contribute to a significant removal of nutrients from the soil, which reduces soil fertility, the restoration of which is possible with the effective use of organic fertilizers. The application of solid organic fertilizers with doses of 40–60 t/ha is costly and ineffective. A promising direction is the introduction of concentrated organic fertilizers into the soil. In the south of Russia, this is the fertilizer of the brand "Agrovit-Kor". However, the physical and mechanical properties (pulverized form, humidity about 45%) of "Agrovit-Kor" do not allow surface application of this fertilizer by serial machines. The working distributing bodies of serial machines are not adapted to the properties of concentrated organic fertilizer, and also do not ensure effective fertilizer application with doses up to 4 t/ha. For this purpose, the modernization of machines of the RUM brand (MVU) was carried out, where the serial distributing bodies were replaced by pneumocentrifugal distributing bodies, which made it possible to qualitatively distribute concentrated organic fertilizer with doses from 2 to 4 t/ha with a working width of 8 m. The use of regulating valves on pneumatic pipelines made it possible to obtain unevenness in the width of the application of no more than 15%. The economic efficiency of the use of the upgraded machine in the 10-field crop rotation of Rostov region is shown by reducing the shortage of crops.

Bondarenko Anatoliy M., Kachanova Lyudmila S., Popenko Alexander Yu.

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