The conducted studies are devoted to the study of the effect of fertilizers at various phosphorus levels, formed as a result of prolonged use of mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems in field crop rotation, on the formation of grain yields of spring wheat and its qualitative characteristics. The experiment was conducted in 2022–2024 (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean) on meadow chernozem soil in the Amur region. It was found that the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (N42P48) and organomineral fertilizers (N24P30 + 4.8 t/ha manure) fertilizers into the soil increased the content of mineral nitrogen and mobile phosphorus during the growing season of the crop. In the "tillering – tube" phase, there was a significant increase in the growth of air-dry matter when applying mineral nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (N42P48) to soil with an increased phosphorus level (55–95 mg/kg). From the earing phase, organomineral fertilizers (N24P30 + 4.8 t/ha of manure) in soil with a high content of mobile phosphates provided an increase in air-dry matter by 0.32–0.67 t/ha. The highest yield of spring wheat was achieved on soil with an increased level of mobile phosphorus (55–95 mg/kg) using mineral nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (N42P48) and complex mineral and organic fertilizer (N24P30 + 4.8 t/ha of manure). A statistically significant increase over the control in crude gluten, strain index, and protein content in wheat grains was observed in variants with nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (N42P48) and organomineral fertilizer (N24P30 + 4.8 t/ha of manure) applied to soil with an increased level of mobile phosphorus (55–95 mg/kg). Correlation analysis showed that in the earing phase, the main nutrients affecting protein accumulation are nitrogen and phosphorus (correlation coefÏcients were 0.63–0.94 and 0.39–0.70, respectively).

Kubasov Ilya A., Epifantsev Viktor V.

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