The paper presents the results of a study on the heterosis effect and the magnitude and frequency of transgression in key productivity components (productive tillering, number of spikelets per spike, grain weight from the main spike, and grain weight per plant) in F1 and F2 soft spring wheat hybrids obtained through reciprocal crosses. The research was carried out in 2023–2024 by the Laboratory of the Breeding of Grain and Cereal Crops at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika. Highly productive varieties were used as parental forms: Primorskaya 40 (developed at the aforementioned center), Plamya (Belarus); Iset' 45, Bagansakaya 12, Saratovskaya 29, Agata, and Ariya (Russia). The research identified the most valuable hybrrid combinations based on the dominance of favorable traits such as high grain weight per plant, number of grain per spike, productive tillering, and grain weight from the main spike in both F1 и F2 generations. In our research, the strongest heterosis effect was observed in hybrids derived from Baganskaya 12, Saratovskaya 29, Plamya, Agata, Ariya, and Iset' 45. Elevated values of transgression parameters were recorded in the following F2 hybrid lines: Baganskaya 12 × Primorskaya 40, Iset' 45 × Primorskaya 40, Agata × Primorskaya 40, Ariya × Primorskaya 40, Primorskaya 40 × Ariya, Primorskaya 40 × Plamya, Primorskaya 40 × Iset' 45, Primorskaya 40 × Saratovskaya 29, and Plamya × Primorskaya 40. The findings support the use of reciprocal crossing as an effective strategy in breeding programs aimed at improving productivity in spring wheat under the conditions of Primorsky krai.

Konovalova Inna V., Klykov Aleksei G., Murugova Galina A.

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