The analysis of agricultural requirements for the straw shredder-spreader of domestic and foreign combines; comparison of estimates for compliance with the quality of straw shredders during combine harvesting of grain crops and soybeans, the actual degree of shredding of straw of grain crops and soybeans and the possibility of use as organic fertilizer or as coarse feed for cattle. The problems of the implementation of various methods and designs of machines for the disposal of the non-grain part of the crop or the collection of the entire biological harvest. The promising direction of the zonal technology of harvesting soybeans with the collection of chaff in soft containers with shredding and scattering of straw with the help of an adapter mounted on a harvester type of upgraded universal attachment (PUN-5) are shown. The design of a cassette container for collecting chaff with automatic feeding of another soft container for loading under the action of its own weight of the filled and unloaded container (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2788129), as well as the design of a two-flow shredder-spreader combined with it (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2766007), is proposed. The results of the evaluation of the quality of soybean straw cutting by modern domestic single-drum harvesters "Vector-410" with shredders-spreaders of the classical type are presented. The scheme of a laboratory installation for research study to verify the theoretical prerequisites for the effectiveness of improving the two-flow process of shredding soybean straw not only for embedding in the soil, but also for preparing feed in animal husbandry is substantiated.

Sakharov Vladimir A., Lipkan Alexander V., Kuvshinov Alexey A.

1. Antyshev N. M., Bejlis V. M., Elizarov V. P. [et al.]. Iskhodnye trebovaniya k zonal'noj sisteme tekhnologij i mashin dlya proizvodstva produktov rastenievodstva v dal'nevostochnom regione Rossii [Initial requirements for the zonal system of technologies and machines for the production of crop products in the Far Eastern region of Russia], Blagoveshchensk, Dal'nevostochnyj gosudarstvennyj agrarnyj universitet, 2007, 167 p. (in Russ.).
2. Lovchikov A. P., Lovchikov V. P., Pozdeev E. A. Agrotekhnicheskaya ocenka raboty izmel'chitelej-razbrasyvatelej solomy kombajnov pri uborke zernovyh kul'tur pryamym kombajnirovaniem [Agrotechnical evaluation of the work of shredders-straw spreaders of combine harvesters when harvesting grain crops by direct combine]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta – Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2016; 58; 2: 55–57 (in Russ.).
3. Mohnatkin V. G., Shulyatev V. N., Tyuchkalov L. V., Krasikov D. Yu. Rezul'taty ispytanij modernizirovannoj kosilki-izmel'chitelya [Test results of the upgraded chopper mower]. Traktory i sel'skohozyajstvennye mashiny. – Tractors and Agricultural Machines, 2004; 7: 13–14. (in Russ.).
4. Bachurin A. N., Byshov N. V., Bogdanchikov I. Yu. [et al.]. Nezernovaya chast' urozhaya kak effektivnyj sposob povysheniya plodorodiya pochvy [The non-grain part of the crop as an effective way to increase soil fertility]. Proceedings from Improving the efficiency of mechanization of agricultural production: Vserossijskaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferenciya. – All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. (PP. 52–56), Cheboksary, Chuvashskaya gosudarstvennaya sel'skohozyajstvennaya akademiya, 2011 (in Russ.).
5. Nazarov I., Tolstoukhova T. Methods of roughage preparation In.: Breakthrough ideas for the future, Ostrava, Poruda, 2015. P. 15–18.
6. Rinas N. A., Yudina E. M., Glytyan K. M. Problemy i perspektivy uborki zernovyh kul'tur samohodnymi kombajnami [Problems and prospects of harvesting grain crops by self-propelled combines]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2021; 2; 88; 94–98. (in Russ.).
7. Brusencov A. S., Tumanova M. I., Chulakov Ya. B. K voprosu povysheniya effektivnosti uborki nezernovoj chasti urozhaya dlya prigotovleniya grubyh kormov [On the issue of improving the efficiency of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop for the preparation of coarse feed]. Innovacii v APK: problemy i perspektivy. – Innovations in the Agro-industrial complex: Problems and Prospects, 2019; 3; 23; 30–37 (in Russ.).
8. Kandelya M. V., Kandelya N. M., Zemlyak V. L. [et al.]. Kombajn zernouborochnyj rotornyj na gusenichnom hodu [Combine harvester rotary crawler]. Dal'nevostochnyj agrarnyj vestnik. – Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin, 2019; 4; 52: 117–124 (in Russ.).
9. Prisyazhnaya S. P. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii sbora polovy s izmel'cheniem i razbrasyvaniem solomy pri kombajnovoj uborke soi: monografiya [Improvement of the technology of collecting straw with shredding and scattering of straw during combine harvesting of soybeans: monograph], Blagoveshchensk, Dal'nevostochnyj gosudarstvennyj agrarnyj universitet, 2013, 202 p. (in Russ.).
10. Yagelsky M. Yu., Rodimtsev S. A. Tendencii razvitiya i klassifikaciya solomoizmel'chitelej-razbrasyvatelej sovremennyh zernouborochnyh kombajnov [Development trends and classification of straw grinders-spreaders of modern combine harvesters]. Vestnik Orlovskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – Bulletin of the Orel State Agrarian University, 2016; 3; 60: 73–87 (in Russ.).
11. Yagel'skij M. Yu., Rodimcev S. A. Tipy i klassifikaciya nozhej izmel'chitelejrazbrasyvatelej solomy zernouborochnyh kombajnov [Types and classification of knives of shredders-straw spreaders of combine harvesters]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. – Bulletin of the Voronezh State Agrarian University, 2017; 1: 52: 114–122 (in Russ.).
12. Prisyazhnaya I. M., Prisyazhnyj M. M., Prisyazhnaya S. P. Kachestvo raboty izmel'chitelej solomy pri kombajnovoj uborke soi [The quality of straw shredders during soybean harvesting]. Dal'nevostochnyj agrarnyj vestnik. – Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin, 2008; 4: 8: 40–42. (in Russ.).
13. Sakharov V. A., Prisyazhnaya S. P., Lipkan' A. V. [et al.]. Ustrojstvo dlya sbora polovy v myagkie kontejnery [Device for collecting polovy in soft containers]. Patent RF, no 2788129 fips.ru 2023 Retrieved from https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&DocNumber=2788129&TypeFile=html (Accessed 22 March 2023) (in Russ.).
14. Sinegovskij M. O., Prisyazhnaya S. P., Prisyazhnaya I. M. [et al.]. Dvuhpotochnyj izmel'chitel'-razbrasyvatel' solomy [Two-flow shredder-straw spreader]. Patent RF, no 2766007 fips.ru 2022 Retrieved from https://www1.fips.ru/iiss/document.xhtml?faces-redirect=true&id=24
    b5731547b33b30fc266374d41c48c8 (Accessed 22 March 2023) (in Russ.).
15. Bumbar I. V., Prisyazhnaya I. M., Saharov V. A. [et al.]. Raschyot parametrov i rezhimov raboty izmel'chitelya soevoj solomy [Calculation of parameters and operating modes of the soybean straw shredder]. Dal'nevostochnyj agrarnyj vestnik. – Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin, 2022; 2: 62: 132 – 141 (in Russ.).