The article presents the results of studying the formation of spring wheat yield and grain quality depending on the hydrothermal conditions and the level of mineral nutrition in the crop. It was found that the maximum increase in the tillering phase occurs when N60P30 is applied, and the maximum increase in mobile phosphorus and potassium occurs when the organo-mineral fertilizer system is applied. The highest removal of nutrients was recorded when N60P30 was applied, followed by the use of an organo-mineral fertilizer system and nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N30 (in the 3rd and 5th crops of the crop rotation). Applying nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N30 resulted in the maximum increase in dry matter in the 3rd crop of the crop rotation. In the 5th crop, nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer N60P30 increased the yield by 2,58 centners per hectare above the control (with an HCP05 of 1,28 centners per hectare). The negative weather conditions in 2021 during the tillering-stem elongation phase reduced the grain yield to 1,74–2,02 t/ha in the control variant, which was confirmed by the paired correlation between the grain yield of spring wheat and the average monthly air temperature in June (the correlation coefficient was minus 0.88). In the favorable year of 2020, the highest yield was obtained (3,25–4,16 t/ha), but with a low mass fraction of gluten in the grain compared to other years studied. A statistically significant increase in grain gluten content (by 5,7 percentage points relative to the control variant) was observed in the variant with N30 application in the 3rd crop of the crop rotation (on average for 2019–2023), and in the 5th crop (on average for 2021–2023) with the use of N60P30 (by 6,8 percentage points higher compared to the control).

Kubasov Ilya A., Aseeva Tatiana A.

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