In modern conditions, the problem of technical re-equipment and modernization of the agro-industrial complex of Transbaikalia arises with particular urgency. In most of the designs of seeders for grain seeds sowing and fertilizing application are carried out together in one row. In this case, an undesirable chemical effect of fertilizers on seeds occurs, which leads to a decrease in the rate of plant development and even its death. There is also a change in the direction of growth of the root system of cultivated plants under the influence of chemicals. Sowing with fertilization below the seed level is the most favorable as it allows the plant roots to develop towards the source of nutrition, forming a powerful root system. The coulter for grain crops sowing with fertilization below the seed level has been developed. The design of the proposed combined coulter for sowing seeds of grain crops can significantly increase the uniformity of seeding in depth, create the most optimal conditions for their growth, which allows you to increase the yield. The article presents the results of research on optimization and mathematical description of complex multifactorial processes based on the use of mathematical methods for planning an experiment, which make it possible to set and solve problems more quickly than traditional research methods. When planning an experiment, first of all, an optimization criterion is selected, according to which the investigated object is evaluated, and which links the factors into a mathematical model. The main thing is to strive to ensure that the optimization criterion is single, and has a clear physical meaning and quantitative assessment. The parameter of the uniformity of the seeding depth by the combined coulter was chosen as an optimization criterion, which is closely correlated with the stability of the stroke in the vertical plane. Rational values of the main parameters of the coulter for sowing and fertilizing below the seed level have been developed, depending on the uniformity of the seeding depth.

Radnaev Daba N., Zimina Olga G.

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