The article describes the experience of evaluating the effectiveness of plant protection systems in soybean crops in the experimental field of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute using ground-based and remote observations. In 2024, three-fold accounting of the number of weeds was carried out at the control and experimental sites, the degree of development of diseases of seedlings and root rot was determined, and structural productivity indicators were evaluated. Based on the results of the monthly aerial survey of the experimental field by a quadcopter, the average approximate series of the seasonal NDVI course were constructed and the width values of the NDVI maximum at half the height for each section (d1/2) were calculated. It has been reliably established that the use of all four options led to a decrease in the contamination of soybean crops on the second and third accounting dates (by 5–9 times compared with the control), a decrease in the development of diseases of seedlings and root rot. The structural indicators of soybean productivity in the protected variants exceeded the control levels by 1.4–2.0 times. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the d1/2 indicator and field contamination on the second and third accounting dates (correlation coefficient is 0.97 at p <0.05) and an inverse correlation of contamination with the number of productive nodes (correlation coefficient from minus 0.88 to minus 0.9) and yield (correlation coefficient is minus 0.75). Thus, the proposed parameter can serve as an integral remote indicator of contamination and effectiveness of soybean crop protection systems. Its use makes it possible to identify areas of permanent weed development in soybean crops based on the results of several years of observations and develop a strategy for the use of plant protection systems.

Stepanov Alexey S., Tishkova Anna G., Bordakov Artyom S.

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