The results of studies of the microclimate of cattle breeding in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the winter period of 2025–2026 are presented. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of air quality on the productivity of young cattle. To assess the effectiveness of natural ventilation, the values of specific air exchange were calculated, and an indicator of the total index of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations was introduced, taking into account the specific toxicity of gases. It was found that the indoor air exchange was 5.24 m3/hour per head (21% of the norm for calves), which led to a multiple excess of the maximum concentrations. Significant exceedances were recorded for propane (37.5 times in December) and carbon dioxide (9.7 times). The total index of excess of the maximum permissible concentrations demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with the value of the average monthly increase in live weight of calves. Thus, air pollution is a key limiting factor of productivity. To solve the problem, it is proposed to replace natural ventilation with forced ventilation with heated supply air; eliminate sources of propane intake and introduce a microclimate monitoring system.

Neratov Anatoliy O., Druzyanova Varvara P.

1. On the development of local production and tourism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Decree of the Head of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) No. 269 of March 28, 2024. Publication.pravo.gov.ru Retrieved from http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/1400202404020023 (Accessed 07 February 2026) (in Russ.).
2. Methodological recommendations for the technological design of cattle farms and complexes, Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh, 2011, 109 p. (in Russ.).
3. Methodological recommendations for the technological design of cattle farms for peasant (farmer) enterprises, Moscow, 2022, 129 p. (in Russ.).
4. Gridneva T. T. Emission of harmful gases in the production of livestock products. Tekhnika i tekhnologii v zhivotnovodstve, 2012;4(8). EDN PXHOCN (in Russ.).
5. Yastrebova E. A. Influence of microclimate parameters on the physiological state and milk productivity of cows. Candidate's thesis. Izhevsk, 2013, 163 p. (in Russ.).
6. Bashkirova A. M., Lopaeva N. L. Methods for reducing harmful gases in livestock buildings. Molodezh' i nauka, 2023;1. EDN CQJTVQ (in Russ.).
7. Waldner C. L. Western Canada study of animal health effects associated with exposure to emissions from oil and natural gas field facilities. Study design and data collection I. Herd performance records and management. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2008;63;4:167–184. doi: 10.3200/AEOH.63.4.167-184.
8. Kim K. Y., Kim J. K. Association between indoor air pollutants and pig productivity index by on-site application of air cleaner. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2025;67:e00087. doi: 10.5187/jast.2025.e00087.
9. Sosa E., Ricci P., Di Leo C. Respiratory distress in Holstein cows fed corn silage: Case report. Revista Veterinaria, 2023;34;2:126–129. doi: 10.30972/vet.3426789.