The history of alfalfa (Medicago) cultivation in the Far East proves the possibility and the perceptiveness of growing alfalfa and expanding the acreage under this “queen” of forage crops. The material presented in the article and our results of research of Medicago varia (from 1997 to 2020), carried out in the Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture with the Primorye Research Institute of Agriculture, give reason to consider the alfalfa as superior to other legumes in terms of fodder merits. Alfalfa is a high-yielding, long-term crop that increases soil fertility and heals the whole agro-ecosystem. This is one of the oldest crops in world agriculture, which should take its rightful place in the fodder production of the Far East. It should be noted that modern alfalfa varieties are distinguished by higher productivity, winter hardiness, less demanding on thermal and edaphic factors of the living environment, resistant to increased soil acidity, i.e. it is quite realistic to select alfalfa varieties that correspond to the soil and climatic conditions of our region, differentiated for a specific place of cultivation. Varieties that combine high potential productivity with resistance to various stresses are able to provide an increase in the size and quality of the crop, resource and energy efficiency, environmentally friendly production of feed while maintaining optimal environmental parameters. If the technological methods of alfalfa cultivation are observed, it is possible to create highly productive, durable herbage that provides animals with an excellent quality feed. The creation of pasture and hayfields with a high content of leguminous crops is an important area of modern forage production, which significantly increases its efficiency and competitiveness.

Ivanova E. P., Yayuk L. G.

1. Agropravila osnovnykh sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur po kolhozam Primorskogo kraya na 1940g, (Agricultural Regulations of the Main Agricultural Crops for the Collective Farms of the Primorsky Region at 1940.) Prim. kraev. zem. Otdel, Vladivostok, 1940, 152 p.
2. Agropravila dlya kolhozov Primorskogo kraya (Agricultural Regulations for the Collective Farms of the Primorsky Region), Prim. kraev. zem. Otdel, Vladivostok, Primkraiizdat, 1945, 239 p.
3. Agrotekhnika sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur v Primorskom krae (Agricultural Technology of Crops in Primorskiy Region), Prim. kraev. upr. nie sel’sk. h-va, Vladivostok, 1949, 271 p.
4. Arkhipova, A. A., Yakovlev, A.S. Zimostoikost’ lyucerni v Centralnoi Yakutii (Winter Hardiness of Medicago in Central Yakutia), Biologicheskie problemy Severa, VI Simpozium, Vip. 4., Yakutsk, 1974, PP. 79–81.
5. Basygysova, A. P. Vliyanie orosheniya i udobrenii na produktivnoe dolgoletie seyanoi travosmesi (Influence of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Productive Longevity of the Sown Grass Mixture), Selekciya i vozdelyvanie kormovykh kul’tur na Dal’nem Vostoke, sb. nauch.tr., VASKhNIL, Sib. otd-nie, Novosibirsk,1982, PP. 56–60.
6. Berkal’, I. V. Izuchenie starovozrastnykh travostoev iz mnogoletnikh trav kostretsa bezostogo i lyucerni (Study of Old-growth Herbage from Perennial Grasses of Bromus inermis and Medicago), Adaptivnye tekhnologii v rastenievodstve Amurskoi oblasti, sb. nauch. tr., Dal’GAU, Blagoveschensk, Dal’GAU, 2012, Vyp. 8, PP. 47–51.
7. Berkal’, I. V. Ispolzovanie mnogoletnikh trav iz lyucerno-kostrecovoi smesi na pashne v yuzhnoi zone Amurskoi oblasti (The Use of Perennial Grasses from the Mixture of Medicago and Bromus on Arable Land in the Southern Zone of the Amur Region), Dal’nevostochnyi agrarnyi vestnik, 2007, Vyp. 4, PP. 22–24.
8. Berkal’, I. V. Seyanie mnogoletnie travy v yuzhnoi zone Amurskoi oblasti (Sown Perennial Grasses in the Southern Zone of the Amur Oblast), Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, Krasnoyarsk, 2015, No 11 (110), PP. 177–183.
9. Berkal’, I. V. Sozdanie seyanykh travostoev na pashne i ikh mnogoukosnoe ispol’zovanie v usloviyakh yuzhnoi zony Amurskoi oblasti (Creation of Sown Grass Stands on Arable Land and their Multi-cut Use in the Southern Zone of the Amur Region), avtoref. dis. na soisk. uchen. step. kand. s.-kh nauk, 06.01.09, Berkal’ Irina Vasil’evna, Dal’nevostochnyi gos. agrarnyi un-t, Blagoveshchensk, 1999,21 p.
10. Volozhenina, O. A., Dubkova, O. S. Vliyanie srokov skashivaniya na produktivnoe dolgoletie lyutserny (Influence of Mowing Time on Productive Longevity of Medicago), Voprosy tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur v Primorskom krae, sb.n. tr. RASKhN. Sib. otd-nie, PrimNIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1991, PP. 53–61.
11. Denisov, G. V., Atlasova, L. G. Vliyanie sposoba poseva na produktivnost’ lyucerni izmenchivoi v usloviyakh Centralnoi Yakutii (Influence of the Sowing Method on the Productivity of Medicago varia in the Conditions of Central Yakutia), Kormoproizvodstvo, 2008, No 6, PP. 5–6.
12. Dryakhlov, L. M., Khrushkov, A. I. Sistema kormoproizvodstva Sakhalinskoi oblasti i perspektivy ee razvitiya (The Feed Production System of the Sakhalin Region and the Prospects for its Development), Proizvodstvo kormov na industrialnoi osnove, Nauchno-tehn. byulleten’, Sib. otd-nie, VASKhNIL, 1982, Vyp. 37, 38, PP. 16–20.
13. Emelyanov, A. N., Ivanova, E. P. Vliyanie izvestkovaniya i mineralnykh udobrenii na produktivnost’, pitatelnuyu i energeticheskuyu cennost’ lyucerni v usloviyakh Primorskogo kraya (Influence of Liming and Mineral Fertilizers on Productivity, Nutritional and Energy Value of Medicago in the Conditions of Primorsky Region), Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK, 2008, No 6, PP. 17–20.
14. Emelyanov, A. P., Slobodyanik T. M. Zonal’naya tekhnologiya vozdelyvaniya osnovnykh kormovykh kul’tur v Amurskoi oblasti (Zonal Technology for the Cultivation of the Main Forage Crops in the Amur Region), Novosibirsk, 1989, PP. 14–16.
15. Emelyanov, A. P. Sozdanie seyanykh bobovykh mnogoletnikh trav na pashne i ikh intensivnoe ispol’zovanie v usloviyakh yuzhnoi zony Priamur’ya (Creation of Seeded Legumes of Perennial Grasses on Arable Land and their Intensive Use in the Southern Zone of the Amur Region) Dal’nevostochnyi agrarnyi vestnik, 2008, Vyp. 3 (7), PP. 64–69.
16. Zabava, A. K. Perspektivy kormoproizvodstva Primorskogo kraya (Prospects for Feed Production in Primorsky Region), Proizvodstvo kormov na industrial’noi osnove, Nauchno-tehn. byulleten’, Sib. otd.-nie VASKhNIL, 1982, Vyp. 37, 38, PP. 10–14.
17. Zakharkin, F. G. Sevooborot (Crop Rotation), Agrotekhnika polevukh kul’tur Ussuriiskoi oblasti, Ussur. oblastn. gos. selekts. stantsiya, Habarovsk, Dalgiz, 1938, PP. 3–9.
18. Zelenyi konveier Primorskogo kraya: rekomendatsii (Green Forage Chain of Primorsky Region: Recommendations), sost. Volozhenina O. A , pod red. A. K. Chaiki, Sib. оtd-nie VASKhNIL, Novosibirsk, 1987, 38 p.
19. Zonal’naya sistema zemledeliya Yakutskoi ASSR (Zonal Farming System of the YakutASSR), VASKhNIL, Sib. Otd-e.Yakut. NIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1982, 284 p.
20. Ivanova, E. P. Vliyanie sposoba poseva na razvitie i produktivnost’ lyucerni pri dolgoletnem ispol’zovanii v usloviyakh Primorskogo kraya (The Influence of the Sowing Method on the Development and Productivity of Medicago During Long-term Use in the Conditions of Primorsky Region), Vestnik Аltaiskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2015, No 9 (131), PP. 23–26.
21. Ivanova, E. P. Dinamika strukturnogo sostava pochvy pod lyucernoi v mnogoletnem tsykle (Dynamics of the Structural Composition of Soils under Medicago in the Long-term Cycle), Zemledelie, 2012, No 1, PP. 18–19.
22. Ivanova, E. P., Emelyanov A. N. Produktivnost’ lyucerni izmenchivoi v odnovidovykh posevakh i travosmesyakh pri mnogoukosnom ispol’zovanii v usloviyakh Primorskogo kraya (Productivity of Medicago Varia in Single-species Crops and Grass Mixtures with Multi-cut Use in the Primorsky Region), Kormoproizvodstvo, 2009, No 5, PP. 6–9.
23. Ivanova, E. P. Urozhainost’ i kachestvo lyucerni izmenchivoi v odnovidovykh posevakh i travosmesyakh (Yield and Quality of Medicago Varia in Single-species Crops and Grass Mixtures), AgroXXI, 2012, No 7–9, PP. 36–38.
24. Ivanova, E. P. The role of defecate and microbial nitrogen-fixing preparations in the formation of alfalfa variety yield in the conditions of the south of Primorsky Krai [Electronic resource], IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020, Vol. 547, is. 1, Article 12008. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/547/1/012008.
25. Intensivnye tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur v Primor’e (Intensive Technologies of Cultivation of Crops in Primorye), sost. A. K. Chaika, Vladivostok, Dalnevost. kn. Izd-vo, 1988, 183 p.
26. Konechnyi, V. M. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo mnogoletnikh trav na Dal’nem Vostoke (Breeding and Seed Production of Perennial Grasses in the Far East), Selektsiya i vozdelivanie kormovykh kul’tur na Dal’nem Vostoke, sb. nauch.tr., VASKhNIL, Sib. otd-nie, Novosibirsk, 1982, PP. 3–10.
27. Koshkareva, V. I., Kozhevnikov, V. A. Agrobiologicheskoe izuchenie lyucerni v Primorskom krae (Agrobiological Study of Medicago in the Primorsky Region), Aktualnye problemy kormoproizvodstva v Primorskom krae, Ussuriisk, PSKhI, 1984, PP. 34–38.
28. Li, Dzhu Sam, Demin, A.A., Fedorov, A.A. O vozmozhnosti proizvodstva lyucerni v Primorskom krae (About the Possibility of Medicago Production in the Primorsky Region), Rezervy uvelicheniya proizvodstva produktsii rastenievodstva v Primorskom krae, sb. nauch. tr., MSKh i prodovolstviya RF, PGSKhA, Ussuriisk, 1997, PP. 48–56.
29. Osipova, V. V. Biologicheskie i agrotekhnicheskie osnovy vozdelivaniya lyucerni v zone vechnoi merzloty: na primere Respubliki Saha (Yakutiya) (Biological and Agrotechnical Basis of Medicago Cultivation in the Permafrost Zone: the Example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)), avtoref. dis. na soisk. uchen. step. кand. s.-kh. nauk: 06.01.01, Valentina Valentinovna Osipova, Institut severnogo lugovodstva AN RAN, Yakutsk, 2000, 24 p.
30. Osipova, V. V., Lazarev, N. N. Produktivnost’ lyucerni serpovidnoi i lyucerni izmenchivoi v usloviyah Yakutii (Productivity of Medicago Falcata and Medicago Varia in Yakutia), Izvestiya TSKhA, 2010, Vyp. 1, PP. 50–58.
31. Pavlova, S. A., Pestereva, E. S., Zakharova, G. E. Kormoproizvodstvo v Respublike Saha (Yakutiya): sostoyanie i perspektivy (Feed Production in the Republic of Sakha: State and Prospects), Kormoproizvodstvo, 2018, No5, PP. 5–9.
32. Putintseva, E. P. Effektivnost’ vozdelyvaniya lyucerni v Primorskom krae (The Efficiency of Medicago Cultivation in the Primorsky Region), Perspektivy sotrudnichestva Rossiiskikh agrarnykh uchebnykh zavedenii so stranami Aziatsko-Tihookeanskogo regiona, materialy mezhdunar. region. nauch. konf., MSKh RF, Primor. GSKhA, Ussuriisk, PGSKhA, 1999, P. 171.
33. Safonov, V. I. Otsenka obraztsov lyucerni v Habarovskom krae (Assessment of Medicago Samples in the Khabarovsk Region), Selektsiya i vozdelyvanie kormovykh kul’tur na Dal’nem Vostoke, sb. nauch. tr., VASKhNIL, Sib. otd-nie, Novosibirsk, 1982, РР. 21–24.
34. Sivtseva, V. I. Rezultaty selektsionnoi raboty po mnogoletnim travam v Yakutskom NIISKh (The Results of Selection Work on Perennial Grasses in the Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture ), Vestnik Dal’nevostochnogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2014, No 3, РР. 34–36.
35. Sidorenko, P. K. Puti intensifikatsii kormoproizvodstva v Primorskom krae (Ways to Intensify Feed Production in the Primorsky Region), Aktual’nye problemy kormoproizvodstva v Primorskom krae, sb. nauch. tr., Ussuriisk, PSKhI, 1984, РР. 3–7.
36. Sidorenko, P. K., Ryzhenko, V. H. Kul’tury dlya zelenogo konveiera (Cultures for Green Forage Chain), Aktual’nye problemy kormoproizvodstva v Primorskom krae, sb. nauch. tr., Ussuriisk, PSHI, 1984, РР. 7–15.
37. Sinegovskaya, V. T., Slobodyanik T. M. Vozdelyvanie kormovykh kul’tur v Amurskoi oblasti (Cultivation of Forage Crops in the Amur Region), Kormoproizvodstvo, 2012, No 12, PP. 28–29.
38. Sistema vedeniya sel’skogo hozyaistva Amurskoi oblasti (Agricultural System of the Amur Region), VASKhNIL, Sib. otd-nie, VNII soi, Novosibirsk, 1986, 293 р.
39. Sistema vedeniya sel’skogo hozyaistva v Primorskom krae na 1986–1990 gg. : rekomendatsii (Agricultural System of the Primorsky Region at 1986–1990: Recommendations), pod. red. A.K. Chaiki, VASKhNIL, Sib.otd-nie, PrimNIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1987, 326 р.
40. Sistema vedeniya sel’skogo hozyaistva Dal’nego Vostoka (Agricultural System of the Far East), pod red. G.T. Kaz’mina i dr., DalNIISKh, Habarovsk, Habar. kn. izd-vo, 1979, 281 р.
41. Sistema vedeniya agropromyshlennogo proizvodstva v Kamchatskoi oblasti (The System of Agro-industrial Production in the Kamchatka Region), RASKhN DV NMTs, Kamchat. NIISKh, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2005, 200 р.
42. Sistema vedeniya sel’skogo khozyaistva Sakhalinskoi oblasti. Razdel. 1. Zonal’naya sistema zemledeliya (Agricultural system of the Sakhalin Region. Section. 1. Zonal Farming System), VASKhNIL, Sib.otd-nie. Sah. fil. DalNIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1982, 246 р.
43. Sistema zemledeliya Sakhalinskoi oblasti: rekomendatsii (Farming System of the Sakhalin Region: recommendations), VASKhNIL, Sib. otd-nie, Sah. fil. DalNIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1989, 252 р.
44. Sistema vedeniya sel’skogo hozyaistva Kamchatskoi oblasti (Agricultural System of the Kamchatka Region), VASKhNIL, Sib. otd-nie, Kamchatsk. s.-kh. op. Stantsiya, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, DV kn. izd-vo, 1986, 128 р.
45. Soromotina, A. A. Tekhnologiya vozdelyvaniya lyucerni izmenchivoi v Centralnoi Yakutii: metod. rekomendatsii (Technology of Cultivation of Medicago Varia in Central Yakutia: Method. Recommendations), RASKhN. Sib. otd-nie NPO «Yakutskoe», Yakutskii NIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1993, 29 p.
46. Tehnologiya vozdelyvaniya osnovnykh sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur v Primorskom krae: rekomendatsii (Cultivation Technology of Major Agricultural Crops in the Primorsky Region: recommendations), sost. L. D. Avanesova, O. A Volozhenina, A. I. , Zhivchikov i dr., Sib. otd-nie VASKhNIL, Novosibirsk, 1986, 190 р.
47. Chaika, A .K., Vaschenko, A. P. Agrarnaya nauka na Dal’nem Vostoke v 1908–2007 gg. (Agricultural Science in the Far East in 1908-2007), Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 2007, 136 p.
48. Chaika, A. K., Emelyanov, A. N. Kormoproizvodstvo Dal’nego Vostoka i nauchno-prakticheskie osnovi ego razvitiya (Fodder Production in the Far East and Scientific and Practical Basis of its Development), Zemledelie, 2009, No 6, PP. 6–9.
49. Chaika, A. K., Litvinyuk, S. P., Afonina, T. V. Perspektivnye kormovye kul’tury i sorta (Promising Forage Crops and Species),Voprosy tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur v Primorskom krae, sb.n. tr., RASKhN, Sib. otd-nie, PrimNIISKh, Novosibirsk, 1991, PP. 80–84.
50. Chuvilina, V.A. Sostoyanie kormoproizvodstva na Sahaline: problemy i perspektivy razvitiya (The State of Feed Production on Sakhalin: Problems and Development Prospects), Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatelskii jurnal, 2016, No 11(53), PP. 57–60.