One of the promising crops with multipurpose use in various branches of the agro-industrial complex is considered to be sugar sorghum. The creation of hybrids based on dif ferent sources of sterility will expand their genetic diversity and increase biomass productivity due to the effect of heterosis. The aim of the research was to study sugar sorghum hybrids based on A2 cytoplasm according to the main breeding characteristics. Hybrids were tested in comparison with the standard varieties Volzhskoye 51, Flagman during 2022–2024 at the experimental field of the Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn. Hybrids of the first generation were obtained with the participation of CMS-lines A2 KVV114, A2 Chaika (female form) and cultivars k-64, k-10832, k-54, k-5529, k-581 (paternal form) from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Studies have shown that the isolated hybrids A2 KVV 114/k-10832 and A2 KVV 114/k-54 are recommended for use as succulent feeds due to the powerful development of the leaf apparatus (upper and middle tier), biomass yield and average sugar content in the stem juice. The advantage over standard varieties was revealed in the range of 7.8–67.9% for a number of basic breeding characteristics (plant height at maturity, flag-leaf area, number of leaves, biomass yield). In addition, the A2 KVV 114/k-54 hybrid had an excess over the standards of Volzhskoye 51, Flagman in terms of the largest leaf area, which ranged from 43.0 to 72.4%. Thus, the results of the scientific work indicate the expediency of involving sterile cytoplasm of A2 type in breeding programs for the breeding of productive hybrids sugar sorghum.

Kibalnik Oksana P.

1. Alabushev A. V., Shishova E. A., Romanyukin A. E., Ermolina G. M., Gorpinichenko S. I. Origin of sorghum and development of its breeding. Politematicheskii setevoi ehlektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2017;127:281–294. https://doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-127-017. EDN YLZTVJ (in Russ.).
2. Volodin A. B., Kapustin S. I., Savartsev M. A. New non-traditional sources of raw materials for the production of food and feed sugar. Novye i netraditsionnye rasteniya i perspektivy ih ispol’zovaniya, 2016;12:305–308. EDN WEBJJJ (in Russ.).
3. Metlina G. V., Gorpinichenko S. I., Kovtunova N. A., Vasilchenko S. A. Agro-energy efficiency of cultivation of new varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum. Politematicheskii setevoi ehlektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2015;114:1–10. EDN VHFMKT (in Russ.).
4. Pinnamaneni S. R., Somanna A. K. G., Ramu P., Vanamada J. K. P., Srivastava R. K. Assessment of phenotypic and genotypic diversity in elite temperate and tropical sweet sorghum cultivars. Sugar Technology, 2022;24;6:1670–1679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-022-01117-3. EDN NWFCZI.
5. Kibalnik O. P., Kameneva O. B. Prospects for the use of sugar sorghum for obtaining sugar-containing products under cultivation in arid regions. Suhar, 2024;3:34–39. https://doi.org/10.24412/2413-5518-2024-3-34-39. EDN WGNAOA (in Russ.).
6. Hao H., Li Zh., Leng Ch., Lu Ch., Luo H., Liu Yu. [et al.]. Sorghum breeding in the genomic era: opportunities and challenges. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021;134:1899–1924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03789-z. EDN XIEGQM. 
7. Kanbar A., Shakeri E., Alhajturki D., Riemann M., Bunzel M., Morgano M. T. [et al.]. Sweet versus grain sorghum: Differential sugar transport and accumulation are linked with vascular bundle architecture. Industrial Crops and Products, 2021;167:113550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113550. EDN KEUVRX. 
8. State Register of varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants approved for use, Moscow, Rosinformagrotech, 2024, 70 p. (in Russ.).
9. Reddy P. S. Cytoplasmic nuclear male sterility in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) – current status and future prospects. The Journal Research Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, 2018;46;1:1–14.
10. Gorbunov V. S., Ishin A. G., Kostina G. I., Kolov O. V., Buenkov A. Yu., Efremova I. G. [et al.]. Techniques for increasing the efficiency of cultivation and processing of sugar sorghum products for fodder and technical purposes in the conditions of the Lower Volga region: recommendations, Saratov, 2009, 31 p. (in Russ.).
11. Golovochev V. I., Kirilovskaya E. V. (Eds.). Methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Issue 2, Moscow, Gosudarstvennaya komissiya po sortoispytaniyu sel'skokhozyaistvennykh kul'tur, 1989, 194 p. (in Russ.).
12. Tyslenko A. M., Zuev D. V. Sheet surface of varieties of spring tritical in the conditions of the Vladimir region. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal gumanitarnykh i yestestvennykh nauk, 2019;11–2(38):134–137. EDN OBHKKS (in Russ.).
13. Kovtunova N. A., Kovtunov V. V., Romanyukin A. E. Leaf width as a marker trait of high productivity of sweet sorghum green mass. Agrarnaya nauka, 2024;7:125–129. https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-384-7-125-129. EDN GPITHZ (in Russ.).
14. Reddy B. V. S., Ramesh S., Reddy P. S., Ramaiah B. Combining ability and heterosis as influenced by male-sterility inducing cytoplasms in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Euphytica, 2007;154;1–2:153–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9281-6.
15. Volodin A. B., Zhukova M. P., Donets I. A., Golub A. S., Chukhlebova N. S. Assessment of productivity and economic and valuable features and properties of the hybrid sargo sugar Yarik. Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya, 2019;1(33):74–77. https://doi.org/10.31279/2222-9345-2019-8-33-74-77. EDN CPUOKE (in Russ.).
16. Bogapov I., Memeshov S., Kibalnik O., Sagalbekov U. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes assessment for food, fodder and energy values in Northern Kazakhstan. Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 2024;56;1:156–167. https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.1.14. EDN JRNDMM.