The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to calculating the optimal duration of grain crop sowing. The authors provided a historical chronology of the use of direct operating costs, cumulative and complete costs. Generally, researchers believed that crop losses from delaying sowing operations were proportional to their duration, and from depreciation charges on machinery were inversely proportional to optimizing the duration of sowing operations. However, after the introduction in 2018 of the state standard regulating the economic assessment of agricultural machinery, all direct operating costs for machinery, including depreciation charges for machinery, became constant in rubles per hour of operation of the machine and tractor unit and do not depend on the duration of sowing operations. On the other hand, it is necessary to take into account the costs associated with the maintenance of agricultural machinery, insurance payments and loans. The authors gave examples of approbation. The simulation experiment for steam-treated wheat using normal technology for Siberia, depending on the choice of aggregates, shows a probability of 2.5–9.5% failure to perform the operation within the specified agrotechnical time. There is a calculation of the optimal duration of direct sowing of wheat in Siberia using the John Deere 96 tractor and the John Deere 730 sowing complex using a formula based on the derivative of total costs.

Dokin Boris D., Aletdinova Anna A.

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