Most farms in the Amur region cultivate soybeans using row cropping with row spacing of 15 cm, which limits the potential of domestic varieties by reducing the feeding area of one plant. Soybean yield in the region in 2023 averaged 15,9 c/ha while the potential was twice as high. The study of the reaction of highly productive soybean varieties to elements of agricultural technology is relevant. The article presents research results for 2017–2019 in the conditions of the southern agricultural zone of the region, according to the influence of seeding rates and sowing method on the size of soybean varieties, elements of the crop structure and seed yield. The object of the research was highly productive soybean varieties Lidiya, Persona and Umka, selected by the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans. Studies have shown that when cultivating soybeans, in order to obtain the planned yield, the sowing density should be regulated by the seeding rate and row spacing. A significant decrease in yield was noted at low seeding rate of 250 thousand units/ha and high seeding rate of 850 thousand units/ha. Additionally, a significant decrease in yield was noted with row sowing method of 15 cm and wide-row sowing method of 60 cm. More favorable conditions for growth and formation of potential yield in soybean varieties of Amur selection are formed at a seeding rate of 550 thousand units/ha (2,42–2,78 t/ha) and 400 thousand units/ha (2,15–2,60 t/ha), as well as row spacing of 45 cm (2,26–2,70 t/ha) and 30 cm (2,16–2,68 t/ha). Cultivation of the studied soybean varieties in a row method with low and high seeding rates is not advisable.

Ran Wei, Selikhova Olga A.

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